A Description of What It Means to Be a Nursing Professional
Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res. 2014 Jan-Feb; 19(one): ane–10.
Nursing professionalism: An evolutionary concept assay
Fataneh Ghadirian
1Department of School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Towhid Sq, Tehran, Islamic republic of iran
Mahvash Salsali
1Section of School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran Academy of Medical Sciences, Towhid Sq, Tehran, Iran
Mohammad Ali Cheraghi
iDepartment of School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Towhid Sq, Tehran, Iran
Abstract
Groundwork:
Professionalism is an important feature of the professional jobs. Dynamic nature and the various interpretations of this term lead to multiple definitions of this concept. The aim of this newspaper is to identify the cadre attributes of the nursing professionalism.
Materials and Methods:
We followed Rodgers' evolutionary method of concept analysis. Texts published in scientific databases about nursing professionalism between 1980 and 2011 were assessed. After applying the selection criteria, the terminal sample consisting of 4 books and 213 articles was selected, examined, and analyzed in depth. Two experts checked the process of assay and monitored and reviewed them.
Results:
The assay showed that nursing professionalism is adamant by 3 attributes of cognitive, attitudinal, and psychomotor. In addition, the most of import antecedents concepts were demographic, experiential, educational, environmental, and attitudinal factors.
Conclusion:
Nursing professionalism is an inevitable, circuitous, varied, and dynamic process. In this study, the importance, scope, and concept of professionalism in nursing, the concept of a beginning for further research and development, and expanding the nursing knowledge are explained and antiseptic.
Keywords: Analysis, concept, Iran, nursing, professional
INTRODUCTION
"Professionalization" is an important characteristic of in-service careers.[one] The concept of professionalization is expressed in the terminology of many job groups and has a long history, especially in social context. Dynamic feature and multiple interpretations of professionalization result in numerous definitions with dissimilar functions and nature.[two] Over the years, many people spoke about professionalization in nursing and its features. Therefore, there are multiple definitions and characteristics for professionalization in nursing.[three,4,five] Likewise, researchers used dissimilar methods and tools for its cess and evaluation.
Nursing profession status is an inter-profession and intra-profession claiming. Whether in that location is nursing professionalism or non is a challenge amongst the nurses, sociologists, and historians.[half-dozen,seven,viii,9,10] For many years, other scientists considered nursing as a semi-professional career.[3] Until 1970, nursing profession was considered as a female person work and women were considered every bit barriers to professionalization in nursing due to their high workload and role-time work.[11] At that time, some factors such equally dull formation of scientific fundamentals of nursing, disagreement in educational requirements for nurses,[ten,12,xiii] lack of academic education at the entry level of nursing courses, and lack of theory and theory-based enquiry[14] were considered as barriers for nursing equally a profession.
Gradually, development of didactics standards and professional certificates led nursing move to professional condition.[three] Having stronger powerful basis for theory and do and professional person education in nursing field of study brought about social cognition. Social understanding almost nursing made the society consider nurses as toll–do good health intendance providers and independent decision makers. Therefore, nursed could receive more than funds and governmental financial aids.[15]
Today's rapid changes in value systems in social club caused nursing to encounter more than upstanding and philosophical challenges at providing care to its clients. These changes also created new nursing environments that crave professional nursing. Appropriately, nursing professionalization definition and its attributes need to be clarified and adapted with rapid changes. For this purpose, concept assay is a suitable method.
Concepts are the building blocks of theories.[xvi] They have of import office in theory evolution. Concept assay is ane of the strategies in concept evolution. In this strategy, the basic elements of a concept for understanding its construction and function are assessed. During concept analysis process, a researcher, theorist, or clinician becomes familiar with unlike attributes and definitions of concept and its function.
Evolutionary arroyo of Rodgers in concept analysis is based on gimmicky philosophical thinking on concepts and their roles in noesis evolution. In this approach, dynamic features of concepts over time and dissimilar social contexts are emphasized.[17] Course evolutionary perspective, instead of emphasis on "what is information technology?," more discovery and assessment are by and large focused. Consequently, this process results in a form of cyclical concept development. With this approach, the terminal results are the starting indicate for more concept analysis.[17] Purpose of concept analysis in this approach is to explicate the concept and its attributes more conspicuously for its further evolution.[eighteen]
Accordingly, the purpose of the current study is assessment of "nursing professionalization" concept to empathise more nearly its attributes, antecedents, and consequences. Since the contemporary nursing believed homo and other nursing phenomena take constantly a changing and interrelated context, it seems that nursing professionalization is also better understood in the context. This perspective is congruent with evolutionary approach in concept analysis.
MATERIALS AND 1000ETHODS
While there are several methods of concept analysis,[xix] an evolutionary approach was selected as the concept of nursing professionalization depends on the context and can be interpreted but when the different parameters appear in a specific context.[17] Although this arroyo of studying recommends six preliminary activities [Tabular array ane], Rogers believes that many of these activities take identify simultaneously during the report. Study process has a non-linear, rotational, and flexible nature. The six stages but signal activities that should have place during the study, and it should not be regarded as a continuous process. In this fashion, Rogers uses inductive arroyo and detailed analysis and focuses on the collection and analysis of raw data. In this approach, concepts in the specific social and cultural context of a given profession are studied.[17,20]
Table 1
Rodgers' evolutionary concept analysis process
After identifying the concept of interest, the most important step is determining the telescopic and range of literature.[20] The scientific databases, PubMed, CINAHL, MEDLINE, ProQuest, and EBM REVIEW, were searched. In a preliminary search, the term "professional nurse" was used. Adjacent, to achieve more precise results, the inclusion criteria were identified. The master criterion for inclusion in the last assay was the literature published in English from 1980 to 2011 in the context of nursing and health sciences. The exclusion criterion was non-English language manufactures. Preliminary results of the search gave 250 articles coming together the inclusion criteria, and subsequently deleting the duplicated items (14 items), the number decreased to near 236. In the last phase, 213 manufactures had the term "professional nurse" in their title or abstruse, and their full texts, if available and that also in the nursing field, were called. In addition, four books were used in the analysis process to embrace the subjects. Books and papers were carefully reviewed and studied. For analyzing, thematic analysis and content assay were used. All manufactures in the context of nursing were exactly read, and hints and useful features, antecedents, consequences, related concepts, surrogate terms, and definition of concept were extracted. Then, the information were reviewed several times to permit the researcher to exist immersed in, and this enabled deriving key tags and notes to provide clear explanations about every aspect of the concept. Overall, anterior analysis of data was washed and themes were identified. Information units consisted of the words and sentences related to the information or responses concerning the following questions: What are the specific characteristics of professional nursing? How do yous define nursing professionalization? How exercise you pretend nursing professionalization? What factors are associated with the incidence of professional person nursing? What are the consequences or outcomes of nursing professionalization? Papers based on conceptual analysis of studied information were grouped. In order to ensure impartiality, reliability, and bias reduction, the assay process was checked by 2 nursing experts in concept analysis.
RESULTS
Identification of the characteristics of the concept is the first stage of the analysis that leads to the actual definition of the concept.[20,21] Characteristics of a concept, including features and specifications of a concept that accept been permanently associated with the concept, help identify the clarity, breadth, and depth of that concept.[19] In this study, the conceptual dimensions of nursing professionalization were identified as cerebral, melancholia, and psychomotor dimensions.
Cognitive dimension of nursing professionalization
Nursing education should exist able to develop professional knowledge.[22] All learners should have a bones cognitive framework for understanding the professionalization. Information technology seems that getting all the essential aspects of professional knowledge in all phases of professionalization must be considered and principles of professionalization must exist combined at different levels of professional education.[23] Learner development begins from a bones understanding of the underlying principles of professional conduct and the underlying reasons, and ultimately, the learner should be able to prioritize and make decisions.[24]
Walton et al. (2010) assigned 5 stages of training to professional nurse education as follows: (1) create a applied fake identity of a professional nurse in students, (2) trial and error, (three) the seriousness of the conduct; (iv) transfer to the bedside, and five) professionalization.[25] Some studies suggest that sure preparation courses such as ethics, inquiry, or professionalization should exist included in the professional grooming program in nursing.[26] Professional grooming courses can be temporary and occur during periods of formal or informal education. Professional person preparation in formal programs tin can exist provided with specific workshops and courses of preparation evolution modules,[27] working in small groups on trouble-solving, apply of role play, simulated patients,[28] or clinical courses.[29] On the other hand, usually students larn values and norms in informal trainings.[30,31,32,33,34] For this purpose, there must be a professional learning environment.[35,36,37,38] Part modeling and changing the organizational culture can exist effective in not-formal teaching.[39] Every grooming programme should be designed to meet the expectations apropos professionalization.[40]
In the surface area of professional person learning, standing teaching is very important. UKCCN (United Kingdom Central Council for Nursing) states that all nurses should provide a certificate of professional person updating every 3 years.[41] However, standing didactics cannot be considered as the just criterion and antecedent for professionalization, as until mastery of knowledge is not combined with a personal value system and transferred to action, information technology cannot take a true part.[42] Making this commitment to continuous learning is the master task of professional education.[43,44,45]
Attitudinal dimension of nursing professionalization
Values are behavior and ideals that individuals and groups possess.[46] Professional values are applied standards that create a framework for evaluation of attitudes and ideas influencing behavior in professional person clinicians.[47] Acquisition of professional values is the heart of professional development.[48]
Many attitudinal items are discussed in the articles and professional experiences apropos nursing professionalization. Although professionalization is a category related to culture, some of its backdrop are mentioned as to be autonomous, cooperative, retained jurisdiction, membership in professional person organizations and professional evolution, customs service and social services, compliance with codes of nursing, conduct and evaluation of nursing theory.[49,50,51,52,53,54,55] Kim et al. stated that the main features of the nursing professionalization values are classified into three main groups: (1) personal-based features such as the ability to sympathize the feelings and bug of others, willingness to aid others, power to work with others, tolerance and flexibility in communicating with others; (ii) knowledge-based features such as cognition and skills, scientific accuracy, and ability to research; and (3) land-dependent backdrop such every bit willingness to take responsibility and emphasizing on the attractive external appearance.[56] Core values ready along by AACN (American Association of Critical-Care Nursing) (1998) include human nobility, integrity, autonomy, altruism, and social justice.[48] These values accept also been identified by Horton (2007).[57] Hall (1982, 1968, 1967) formulated 5 attributes to the most mature professions such as constabulary and medicine, which are use of professional reference agencies, customs service, autonomy, self-regulation, and sense of commitment and professionalism.[58,59,60]
In nursing professionalization, the "professional self" is one of the nearly important attitudinal elements. Professional identity is a secret knowledge that shows the continuation of a profession.[61] Professional attitude is a sense of experiences that makes upward a professional identity.[62] Professional self-concept is the effect of the university arrangement, skills training, and professional development.[22] Arthur and colleagues (1998) showed that sense of being a professional person among graduate students was stronger than amid experienced nurses.[63] Finally, we can say professionalization is a framework for identifying a career in a social context, which emphasizes on attitudinal dimension of professionalization showing the importance of attitude within a profession and its professionals.[64]
Psychomotor dimension of nursing professionalization
Studies showed amidst nurses following the standards of practise and psychomotor competences, at that place are those who value professionalization.[65] UKCC in 1992, in an article titled "review professional action," defined the nursing profession past these characteristics: Professional nursing is characterized by clinical working. This view has led to the expansion of the nursing function, then that they allowed getting involved in the therapeutic activities based on their personal qualifications and are actively involved in patient care.[66] And so, professionalization is a sure way of management and implementation through which the professionals know most their commitments and obligations. Information technology is also for those who are self-learning and self-controlled. This is consistent with the word "knowledgeable doer" that tin can exist found in new dialogs in nursing.[67]
The definition of nursing professionalization in the clinical area is a difficult issue. Barber (1965) defined iv properties for a professional fashion: Loftier degree of systematic and public knowledge, awareness nigh the interests of society rather than the personal interests, a loftier degree of self-control in behavior through moral codes, and existence of a reward organisation as a sign for success.[68] In nursing, some scholars have divers codes of professional behavior equally: Respecting the dignity, values, and beliefs of the patients, maintaining patients' trust, making informed decisions, provision of competent and safe care, maintaining standards of activities, presenting the prototype of nursing, and having a harmony with the law in activity.[69] Lui et al. (2007) stated that the utilize of codes of professional beliefs is of import, just information technology is hard in clinical practise. The principal code of professional person beliefs in their study was "condom and competent care."[69] This item is considered as the main foundation for nursing professionalization by other nursing associations in the West.[70,71]
From some other perspective, nursing professionalization consists of behaviors including commitment, encouragement of the colleagues, peer assessments, and back up from collective nature of profession. Focus in this view is on marketing and customer orientation.[72] Mayer (1992) emphasizes that in a mod society, the professions must exist of good quality, reasonable, and affordable. He indicates that we can be sure almost a professional service when the presented service is market-oriented. Thus, creating an environs where the focus is on value and satisfaction of the customer is important.[73]
Antecedents of nursing professionalization
The next rotational cycle in the developmental processes of evolutionary concept analysis is determining the antecedents and consequences of the concept.[74] Identifying the antecedents and consequences is an important function of the analysis considering information technology provides greater clarity near the concept of interest. Antecedents are the events that happened before the concept occurrence and consequences can occur every bit a event of them.[17] Professionalization is actually a continuum that occurs during the professional socialization procedure. Antecedents of nursing professionalization are identified and classified in the following 5 groups: Demographic factors, factors related to the experience, preparation-related factors, factors related to the position, and value factors.
Demographic factors
Age is one of the effective factors on nursing professionalization, identified in the studies.[75] Studies have also shown that ethnic differences tin can have an impact on professional values.[76] Gender differences are also the other factors known to influence the professional values.[76,77]
Factors related to the experience
Length of service,[32] years of feel,[15,75,78] previous experiences,[78] and nursing professional experiences in the health intendance,[22] shown in several studies, are directly related to the nursing professionalization and professional attitude. It tin can exist said that maturity in professional experiences has a large impact on professional mental attitude.
Factors related to the pedagogy
Degree,[22,72,79,80,81] membership in professional organiza tions,[1,4,fifteen,81,82] having specialized certification,[1,15,78,81] the place where the last degree was issued,[i] political sensation,[83] educational readiness,[78] training and socialization,[72] teachers of nursing,[84,85] and length of the grade,[1,86] all have been shown to have a significant relationship with professionalization in bookish studies.
Factors related to the position
Position of nurse practitioners,[58,79] type of organization,[87,88,89] organizational culture,[69,xc,91] the appearance of nurses in the workplace,[92,93,94,95,96] caregiver employment status,[1] piece of work identify,[1] existence of a reward system,[81,97] lack of staffs,[98] increasing the number of patients,[98] the existence of standards of activity,[99] lack of time, having stress and fatigue,[41] patients, clinicians, managers, and co-workers,[84,85] the gap between education and clinical practice,[22] and expectations of health care organizations,[22] all accept been mentioned as precursors to professionalization in the reviewed studies.
Value factors
Professional satisfaction and organizational commitment,[four] professional freedom and independence and motivational factors,[78] belonging, knowing, and acknowledging,[100] support and guidance, credence, willingness, responsibility, and trust,[101,102,103] altruism,[104,105,106,107,108] and professional identity[93] have shown a pregnant relationship with professionalization. Studies showed belonging to a squad, answering the questions of the patients and their families, and valuing the piece of work practise affect the agreement and meaning of students from professionalization.[22,93]
In general, although several internal and external factors are associated with the level of professionalization in nursing, for becoming a true professional, the experience of working and an educational background are very constructive factors.
Consequences of nursing professionalization
Consequences of nursing professionalization consist of two components: Compatible and incompatible. Enhancement of patient care quality and improvement of the outcomes of care,[iii,109,110,111] satisfaction of staffs, customers, clients, and agencies,[83,91,111,112] enhancement of the professional authority and the ability to make decisions,[58] development of training programs to improve educational efficiency,[69] reduction of accidents and mistakes and hazard management,[113] non-occurrence of burnout,[114] creating employment standards,[91] socialization, professional evolution, self-concept development, business organization retention,[101,102,103] and increased recognition of patients[111] are the uniform consequences that have been discussed in several studies.
Although professionalization can exist very positive for professional person practice, information technology can create blind spots in organization and cease vital information catamenia in uncertain weather. This is because professional groups form their ain subculture, especially in their language and communication habits. Therefore, they tend to exist separated, fifty-fifty if they are working with other groups in an organization. On the other hand, as the professional members of the profession must accept responsibility, cocky-regulation, and control of the market place for their services, the foundation of professionalization is based on the competition over resources and ability that are divided between the characters and organizations.[113]
Surrogate and related concepts
The term "surrogate" is used for the concepts that express the same meaning of the desired concepts.[20] In other words, the term explains the meaning of a concept.[17] Related terms are used to limited concepts that are related to the desired concept but practice non take necessarily like characteristics.[17] Awarding of related concepts in concept analysis is based on the thought that each concept is a role of a network of concepts. Identifying the related concepts helps us to locate "nursing professionalization" concept in basic knowledge of nursing. During the analysis process, it became clear that the concept of professionalism tin can exist replaced with the words "profession" and "professional person."
Profession and Professor from Latin etymology accept the same root (Profess). The significant of their root is claimed or confessed.[2] From lexical attribute, profession is a vocation required to college education and intellectual skills. Many authors have searched for the profession and its indicators. Aydellotle (1990) divers a profession as an organized and sophisticated task through which the clinicians obtain their exclusive knowledge in a protracted course for providing an sectional, essential, or favorite service. He indicates that the essential features of a profession include having extensive and systematic cognition, focusing on society interests, decision-making the behavior through codes of ethics, having relationships with other professions, and existence of a professional advantage system.[115] All-encompassing review of studies suggests that the profession is characterized by a series of factors: (1) the body of knowledge acquired through formal education, (2) a high level of competency, (iii) inclusion criteria, (iv) professional certification process, and (5) a set of behavioral and attitudinal norms, known as professionalization.[58,116,117,118,119,120]
Overall, a profession is characterized by the use of standardized knowledge that has iii components: (1) an action taken based on underlying basic noesis or subject, (2) applied cognition to solve everyday'south bug, and (3) the knowledge based on skills and attitudes to serve to the clients. The articles defining the characteristics of the nursing profession list them every bit: Strong commitment, long-term and regular pedagogy, special body of cognition and skills, ideals, autonomy, power for standard service, valuing and existence of professional associations.
The word "professional person" in Aryanpur dictionary means related to a profession or an occupation, or being seasoned, skilled, and experienced. Dictionary of thesaurus lists the synonyms for the word "professional person" as: Qualified, trained, skilled, white-neckband professional people like doctors and engineers, expert, experienced, finished, skilled, masterly, efficient, etc.[121] Being a professional or beingness a professor means being a person challenge to have expertise in a specific skill or knowledge.[122] Flexner says professionals are the people who accept to adapt to a item job and accept basic and higher education, high intellectual level in performance, sense of responsibility, scientific noesis based on expertise, interest to develop learning, self-direction, and philanthropy.[123] Qualified members of a profession have ethical codes and a professional person organization every bit a guide. Sacrifice, altruism, accountability, self-regulation, self-conclusion, and independence are features of the professional person values.[7,124] Jarvis defines a professional person as a person who is constantly in search of mastery in a branch of learning that is the foundation of his/her career, and then equally to be able to provide services to his/her clients.[45] Freidson, Cho, and Han expressed some professional person qualities such equally political autonomy, clinical autonomy, professional excellence and dominance, professional autonomy, clinical thinking, self-regulation and professional ethics.[125,126,127] In nursing articles, the discussion "professional" is unsaid to trained clinicians. In fact, professional person employees are dissimilar. Their activities are associated with their attitudes and social behaviors.[117,128,129] These behaviors and attitudes include a loftier level of expertise, the freedom to manage work, commitment, knowledge, and a organisation of peer evaluation for maintaining the ethical standards.[130] From a marketing perspective, we can say that being a professional means to exist obliged to do something that is appropriate for the patient and to have the responsibility to provide services regardless to ane's ain interest.[58,116]
An appropriate exemplar of the concept
One of the six activities presented in Rodgers' approach is identifying an exemplar of the concept, if appropriate. Rogers states that providing an instance is essential to clarify a practical implementation of the concept related to the context.[17] Examples tin can be expressed past qualitative studies or specific situations.[131] Despite the strong need felt to provide such an example to analyze the concept further, the complex nature of the concept and features similar its multi-dimensionality made it impossible to present a real case. This can be considered as a study limitation.
Interpretation and implications of the concept analysis
The aim of the nowadays study was to assess nursing professionalization in relevant literatures to identify attributes, antecedents, and consequences of the concept. The results showed that nursing professionalization has cerebral, attitudinal, and psychomotor dimensions. Antecedents of nursing professionalization included demographic factors, factors related to education, factors related to experience, factors related to the position, and value factors. Consequences of nursing professionalization included two components of uniform and incompatible mechanisms. Results of the analysis are of import considering although a lot of literature is available most the nursing professionalization, there is petty integration and inference nearly the concept.
Clinical implications: Professionalization and evolutionary experience
As a special knowledge, professionalization has a skill-oriented and experiential nature. And so, focusing on the clinical factors that influence professionalization and providing the perfect context for professional growth and development in clinical practice seems to exist one of the essential elements. One of the most important factors in the professionalization was experience, which was confirmed by several studies. Benner in 1984 proposed beginner–expert continuum as a framework for clinical nursing specialty.[132] He suggests 5 levels at the continuum: Beginner, advanced, competent, proficient, and good. Different functional levels correspond progressiveg stages of caused skills and experience. Beginner–specialist'southward theory implies that through evolutionary experience, nurses are moving from one side to the other side of the continuum, but all nurses do not achieve the level of expertise. Several studies have tried to explicate the difference between a nurse specialist and beginner.[133,134] 1 of the near important factors discussed in this deviation was years of experience. But this division based on years of experience is not a valid classification.[135,136] Benner et al., stated that experience singly does not guarantee specialty. They belived that evolutionary feel is associated with expertise, sufficient and especial experiences.[137]
Implications for enquiry: Professional person autonomy path to the professional ability
The results of the analysis suggest a variety of researches in future. Although professionalization is non a new concept in nursing, however, studies on this outcome seem to take failed to provide a pregnant step toward a comprehensive solution to accomplish it. Therefore, recognition of strategies to achieve professionalization as a major phenomenon among health care providers is essential. The result of the present study suggests professional power and autonomy equally a way to accomplish nursing professionalization and further researches are considered necessary.
Hall (1982) introduced professional ability as the focus on professionalization. He (1968) establish that the main features of the professionalization are community service and sense of duty. Meanwhile today, autonomy and membership in professional organizations are most of import for nurses.[58,59] He explains the membership in professional organizations as the central reference for self-regulation and professional autonomy at the heart of professionalization. Thereby, it enhances the professional power. One of the principal features of nursing professionalization is autonomy. Forsyth and Donisiewics stated that the professions are important, unique, and complex; therefore, professionals should have power to brand their own decisions free from external pressures.[138] Bul (1998) stated that one of the chief purposes and attractions to move toward professionalization is development of professional autonomy.[139] Autonomy is an important component of professionalization that is effective on personal determination making to achieve the goals and the control on chore situations. Autonomy not only acts as a buffer against stress simply also acts as a mean to empower and strengthen the sense of the personality and professionalism.
Studies accept shown that the most important fashion to achieve a professional power is autonomy, acquired through membership in professional organizations. Hall states that nurses should strongly support the professional organizations because by connecting to professional person organizations, they have a more professional feeling and the organizations grow more than to back up their members.[58,59] If the nurses practise not reach to social maturity as a body, information technology may influence their attitude and the way they are perceived by others. Also, it can act equally a confounding factor to reduce the development of nursing as a profession.[26]
Theoretical implications
This concept analysis is based on an evolutionary approach adult past Rogers. The concept of professionalization is associated with nursing knowledge. This approach with the presentation of a theoretical definition of nursing professionalization is used as a basic starter. This concept analysis is express based on time and context; therefore, a continuous endeavour to develop a conceptual framework for the present and future of nursing professionalization is required. Due to the circuitous nature of the professionalization, diverse definitions in the literature and the other sciences, especially nursing, are common and expected. According to philosophical foundation of analysis, the result of analysis is not merely to reach to what the concept is as a conclusion, merely too the basis for further development of the concept. The results of the present analysis can be presented in the definition for the professionalization, every bit nursing professionalization is a cyclical process, which includes mastery of noesis, expert action, and having professional ideology, measured by the top standards. It can promote when excellence is considered as a major criterion for judging actions and attitudes of professionals.
This definition of nursing professionalization not only opens further exploration but also provides the opportunity for further inquiry in order to develop the concept and its application in the field of theory, and enquiry in the fields of education, direction, and clinical nursing. On the other paw, acceptance of the above definition is non considered, as credence of a unique definition is considered as ignoring other breezy factors and variable conditions, which may be a supplement, reverse, or associated with the definition.
DISCUSSION
Professionalization, depending on times, contexts, and disciplines, has variable protests. Literature analysis of nursing professionalization led us to a variety of unlike meanings. The results of the present study draw the nursing professionalization as a multi-dimensional concept and it introduced cognitive, attitudinal, and psychomotor dimensions as the main features of nursing professionalization. In the review of studies, antecedents of the concept were demographic factors, factors related to experience, factors related to education, factors related to situation, and value-related factors. Consequences of professionalization in nursing are described by ii components of uniform and incompatible. Therefore, nursing professionalization is non always associated with a favorable outcome. Hence, understanding of the professionalization characteristics, antecedents, and its consequences can atomic number 82 to higher promotion of the status and the importance and application of this concept in the nursing profession. Employ of cess tools to evaluate and investigate this concept tin issue in further research and extension of the torso of knowledge in this profession.
CONCLUSION
Finally, it tin be concluded that nursing professionalism has a circuitous nature with multi dimensions. This feature requires theorizing in this area. For this purpose, concept analysis considered the first step.
Footnotes
Source of Support: This commodity didn't support by any institution
Conflict of Interest: Nil.
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Articles from Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Enquiry are provided here courtesy of Wolters Kluwer -- Medknow Publications
Source: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3917177/
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